The history of anesthesia traces back centuries. Ancient civilizations knew they needed to lessen the pain experienced by people during surgery. In the absence of medicine, they used what they could to make pain more bearable. It wasn’t until the mid-18th century that the first recorded instance of sedating a patient was recorded. A dentist in Boston used ether to numb a patient and that little breakthrough sparked a revolution and brought pain-free surgery to the populace. What is an anesthesia machine? Read on to find out.
How the Machine Works
An anesthesia machine is basically a pneumatic device that delivers a variable mixture of oxygen, gas, and a sedative agent to a patient, so they are able to sleep through a major surgery, and it’s that simple. The machine is designed so patients breathe in oxygen and the anesthetic but don’t rebreathe anything they exhaled. The exhaled gasses escape the circuit and expel into the atmosphere. Breathing in exhaled CO2 is dangerous and life-threatening.
Anesthesia machines are straightforward and simple in design. They are easy to operate and service due to their simplistic design. There are few components and they operate on a simple premise of airflow and control. In fact, from the time of their invention, they haven’t changed much. Similar to how the automobile is still four tires, an engine, and chassis, the anesthesia machine hasn’t evolved too drastically; more technology has been added to the original design, but it’s still the same machine. The additions make for a better and safer product, but it remains the same overall. While the machine is simple, the consequences of its failure can be devastating—they are among only four or five items in the entire hospital that are truly “life support.” Alongside anesthesia machines in this category are ventilators, heart-lung bypass pumps, and pacemakers.
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Also known as Boyle’s Machine, the anesthesia machine is like a ventilator. They perform a similar function with several major differences. Boyle’s machines provide the same life support that critical care ventilators do, but ventilators are placed on unconscious patients with no medical staff present. The patient on a ventilator is usually in a coma or vegetative state. Plus, a ventilator’s electronically controlled settings and valves are certainly more complex than those on an anesthesia gas machine. The job of an anesthesia machine is to take human beings very close to death and allow them to wake up again. There are several major parts to an anesthesia machine that are essential to its functionality. Also, there are many safety systems on an anesthesia machine to prevent a catastrophic event.
